Pre-1819
Late 1700s Creeks and other tribes set up villages in northern Florida; many will eventually become known as Seminoles
1804 Osceola born in Alabama
1812 Georgia militia volunteers attack Florida Indian villages, Florida Indians raid Georgia plantations, civil war brewing among Creek Indians
1813 Creek War spurs Indian exodus from Alabama to Florida
March 27, 1814 Battle of Horseshoe Bend, Alabama. Jackson's troops kill 800 warriors; capture 350 women and children
August 9, 1814 Fort Jackson Treaty forces Creeks to give up most land
July 17, 1816 The "Watering Party Incident" on the Apalachicola
July 27, 1816 Negro Fort destroyed
February 24, 1817 Garrett Family Massacre
Nov. 21-23, 1817 Fowltown skirmish; 1st Seminole War begins
November 30, 1817 Scott Massacre; Elizabeth Stewart captured
March 12, 1818 Jackson begins invasion of Spain's Florida
April 7, 1818 Jackson occupies Spain's Fort Marks
February 22, 1819 Adams-Onís Treaty: Spain cedes Florida to U.S.
1820s
September, 1823 Treaty of Moultrie Creek. Seminoles will relocate to central Florida reservation
1824 Fort Brooke built near Tampa Bay
1826 Seminole delegation visits Washington D.C.
1827 Fort King built in what is now Ocala
1830s
May 28,1830 Congress passes President Jackson's Indian Removal Act
March 18, 1831 Landmark U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Cherokee Nation v. Georgia
1831-32 The Choctaw become the first southeastern tribe to relocate
May 9, 1832 Treaty of Payne's Landing. Seminoles agree to inspect reservation in Arkansas Territory
June, 1835 Wiley Thompson puts Osceola in chains
August, 1835 Pvt. Dalton killed while carrying mail
November, 1835 Osceola kills Charley Emathla as the chief is about to head West
December 25, 1835 Uprising! 21 sugar plantations burned
December 28, 1835 Wiley Thompson's shooting and the Dade Massacre
December 31, 1835 Battle of Withlacoochee
Feb-March, 1836 Battle at Camp Izard
November 21, 1836 Battle of Wahoo Swamp; Seminoles kill Maj. David Moniac, first Native American West Point graduate
March 6, 1837 "The Capitulation": Some chiefs agree to give up and move West
June 2, 1837 Osceola and Abiaka raid detention camp; free 700 Indians awaiting transit to Arkansas Territory
October 21, 1837 Osceola captured under false flag of truce
December 19, 1837 Jumper and his band surrender
December 25, 1837 Battle of Lake Okeechobee
January 15, 1938 Powell's Battle at Loxahatchee
January 24, 1838 Battle of Loxahatchee
January 31, 1838 Osceola dies in prison
June 23, 1839 Attack at Caloosahatchee trading post
1840s
January, 1840 Bloodhounds are imported from Cuba to track Seminoles
August 7, 1840 Chaikaika raids Indian Key; kills botanist and family
December 4, 1840 Lt. Col. Harney captures & executes Chakaika
1841 Halleck Tustenuggee attacks wagon train, plantations, homes
April, 1842 Last battle of 2nd Seminole War near Peliklakaha. Halleck Tustenuggee captured
May 10, 1842 Pres. Tyler ends military actions against Seminoles. All troops leave by August
1849 Chief Micanopy dies. Council passes over his nephew Coacoochee in favor of Jumper
November, 1849 Coacoochee & Juan Caballo lead 300 on 9-month trek to Mexico. They set up villages around Nacimiento
1850s
1852 Billy Bowlegs meets President Fillmore
December, 1855 Raid on Bowlegs plantation and counterattack. 3rd Seminole War underway
March, 1856 Seminoles attack Sarasota home of Florida State Senate President
May, 1856 Seminoles attack wagon train and construction workers at Jupiter lighthouse
June, 1856 U.S. troops kill Chief Oscen Tustenuggee; war shifts south
August, 1856 U.S. offers new deal: autonomy from Creeks and bigger annuity
1857-58 Skirmishes across Florida
1858 Bowlegs agrees to leave. End of 3rd Seminole War. Abiaka and his followers hide in the Big Cypress Swamp